Advanced Accounting Theory & Practice Assignment

Advanced Accounting Theory & Practice - Assignment Example In addition, IAS also prescribes for leases within the financial statements of both the lessees and lessors (Barth et al., 2008). The prescriptions capture both financial leases and operating leases. The main characteristics of IAS 17 include the classification of leases, both the finance leases and operating leases, within financial statements of the lessor and the lessee. The scope section outlines the lease agreements for which IAS 17 is applicable. Additionally, the section also lists various agreements in which IAS 17 does not apply. According to paragraph three of the Standard, agreements transferring an asset’s right-of-use require application of IAS 17 (Selling, 2013). The need for the lessor to provide considerable value of services with regards to the operation and maintenance of the leased assets does not nullify the application of IAS 17. Paragraph two of IAS 17 lists four instances that the standard may not be applied (IFRS Foundation 2011). The agreements are contracts for services lacking a transfer of the asset’s right to use (Selling, 2013). In classifying leases, the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) took into consideration of both the lessee and the lessor (Reinstein & Weirich, 2005). Similarly, IASB also took into account the extent to which the lessee or the lessor may accrue subsidiary rewards from the possession of a leased asset. The risks taken into account include the possibilities of losses arising out of technological obsolescence or idle capacity. In addition, the risks also include potential losses due to digression in return as a result of varying economic conditions. On the other hand, the rewards are characterised by the prospect of a profitable operation over the economic life of the leased asset (Kirsch, 2012). The rewards also comprise the gains arising from appreciation in value of the leased asset. Additionally, the rewards also include any realisation of some residual value. A lease is

Morbidity and mortality rates Essay Example for Free

Morbidity and mortality rates Essay Current statistics on road accidents including morbidity and mortality rates for 17-25 year olds In 2011 statistics showed that there were 1,292 deaths, 279 of which involved people aged 17 to 25. This is a decrease as last year it was reported that 336 people between 17 and 25 were killed on Australian roads. The biggest killer of young drivers is speeding and around 80 per cent of those killed are male. Discuss the reason why young people are overrepresented in road accidents A 17 year old driver with a P1 license is four times more likely to be involved in a fatal crash than a driver over 26 years. Young drivers are over represented in all fatal crashes, including drink driving and fatigue. Despite making up only 15 per cent of drivers, young drivers represent around 36 per cent of annual road fatalities. Generally young drivers tend to be willing to take more risks on the road such as driving at night carrying passengers, breaking the speed limit and wreck less driving. With regards to road safety explain why injury has been selected as a national health priority area The national priority areas are selected by the government to eliminate inequities in health status. The priority population groups are those which are shown by research to have had a significant high incidence. Injury has been selected as a priority health issue as it is the principal cause of death in people under 45. Injury is also a leading cause of mortality, morbidity and permanent disability in Australia. ‘Injury accounted for over 1 in 20 of all hospitalisations in Australia in 2007-08, with almost 426,000 injury hospitalisations. ’ (Australias health 2010 pages: 196-198, June 2010) In regards to road safety, injury has been selected due to the rate that people on Australian roads are being injured or killed more regularly. Not only do crashes on the road injure the people in the car, road crashes can injure pedestrians and people in other cars. On average it costs the Australian government 27 billion (National Road Safety Strategy) dollars a year to look after the deaths and injuries of road accidents. Due to the significant costs to the Government road injury has been seen as one of the biggest killers of Australians, due to this things such as the National Road Safety Strategy have been constructed in order to prevent road injuries. Analyse the roles that different levels of government and various organisations have in reducing road trauma In reference to road safety there are many aspects that need to be covered on the different levels of government. The different levels in Australian government are Federal government, State and Local. The Federal government is responsible for distributing and supplying the governments below it with funds to fix roads, put in more speed cameras and have more police to patrol the roads. The State government is in charge of then taking that money they have been given by the Federal government and distributing it to the Local governments, they need to take into account which Local governments are in need of the most financial help. The local government is usually then given the money they require for the private sectors underneath them, the Local government then distributes funds to private sectors who must find someone to fix the roads and put speed cameras or police to do things such as random breath tests. Usually organisations are made to support the laws of the road, for example RADD is an organisation made up of recording artists, actors and athletes to portray the message that drink driving is not â€Å"cool† Organisations such as RADD are made to target younger people in specific and generally between the ages of 17-25 which have the highest rate of drink driving on Australian roads. Evaluate how the draft national road safety strategy has used the 5 action areas of the Ottawa charter in promoting road safety The five action areas of the Ottawa charter are developing personal skills, creating supportive environments, strengthen community action, reorienting health services and building healthy public policies. The areas of the Ottawa charter is based upon the social justice principals, this means the Ottawa charter is working to make health resources an equal right. Developing personal skills involves â€Å"enabling people to learn (throughout life) to prepare themselves for all of its stages and to cope with chronic illness and injuries is essential. This has to be facilitated in school, home, work and community settings. †(Better Health Channel) The draft national road safety strategy has tried to meet this area by â€Å"This means we all need to change the way we think and act in relation to road safety. We need to respond directly to our long-term vision by asking questions such as what would we need to do to prevent serious crashes in this situation? While our achievements may be modest in the first instance, the transformation in our approach will lay down the foundations of the Safe System during the life of this strategy. † Creating Supportive environments involves â€Å"the protection of the natural and built environments and the conservation of natural resources must be addressed in any health promotion strategy. (Better Health Channel) This is used in the draft national road safety strategy as they have the aim to try and involve the community in trying to reserve the lives of wildlife and the natural environment from road trauma. Strengthening Community Action involves â€Å"community development draws on existing human and material resources to enhance self-help and social support, and to develop flexible systems for strengthening public participation in, and direction of, health matters. This requires full and continuous access to information and learning opportunities for health, as well as funding support. † (Better Health Channel) They have included this in the road safety strategy in the following lines â€Å"While individual road users are expected to be responsible for complying with traffic laws and behaving in a safe manner, it can no longer be assumed that the burden of road safety responsibility simply rests with the individual road user. † â€Å"Road safety responsibilities also extend to various professional groups, as well as the broader community. Develop personal skills involves â€Å"enabling people to learn (throughout life) to prepare themselves for all of its stages and to cope with chronic illness and injuries is essential. This has to be facilitated in school, home, work and community settings. † (Better Health Channel) Reorient health services involves â€Å"the role of the health sector must move increasingly in a health promotion direction, beyond its responsibility for providing clinical and curative services. Reorienting health services also requires stronger attention to health research, as well as changes in professional education and training. †

Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe Essay -- things fall apart, chinua

Post colonialism deals with cultural identity in colonized societies and the ways in which writers articulate that identity. Things Fall Apart is a good novel that serves as a reminder of what Nigeria once was. It shows how a society can deal with change, how change affects the individuals of that society, and how delicate a change can be; so much so that the people themselves are surprised at the change. Things Fall Apart is an English novel by the Nigerian author Chinua Achebe which was published in 1957. Throughout the book the role of customs and traditions is very important and decides the fate of men, women, and children. Some of the customs practiced in this culture would certainly be frowned upon in the West yet are perfectly acceptable. It talks of the Ibo society. The protagonist of the novel is Okonkwo. He is a respected and influential leader within the Igbo community of Umuofia in eastern Nigeria. He first earns personal fame and distinction, and brings honor to his village, when he defeats Amalinze the Cat in a wrestling contest. The first part of the book deals with the proof of tribal life in Africa and the rise in power and authority of Okonkwo. The author highlights his strengths as well as his obsession with success. Okonkwo does not show any love in dealing with his three wives and children. This part reveals that Okonkwo actions are often irrational and imprudent, which will be the cause of his eventual fall. We learn about the traditions, superstitions and religious faiths of the villagers. The second part begins with Okonkwo exile to his mother’s land for seven years. This part also marks the entry of the white man into the lives of the African people. Though inwardly disappointed, Okonkwo begins a ne... ...Apart. London: Heinemann Press, 1958. The Women's Review of Books. 18 (July 2001): p30. From Literature Resource Center "When Things Fall Apart" StudyMode.com. 05 2002. 2002. 05 2002 Chua, John, and Suzanne Pavlos. Cliffs Notes on Things Fall Apart. 18 Jan 2014 Benjamin, Walter. â€Å"Critique of Violence.† Reflections: Essays, Aphorisms, Autobiographical Writings. Trans. Edmund Jephcott. Ed. Peter Demetz. New York: Schocken, 1978. 277–300. Print. George, Olakunle. Relocating Agency: modernity and African letters. Albany: SU of New York p, 2003. Print. Mbembe, Achille. On the Post colony. Berkeley: U of California P, 2001. Print. Ogede, Ode. Achebe’s Things Fall Apart: A reader’s Guide. New York: Continuum, 2007. Print. Chinua Achebe - Chinua Achebe - Things Fall Apart: A Novel - New York - Broadway Books - 1994

The Effects of Cyber Bullying

Cyberbullying is defined as deliberately attempting to upset someone; cyberbullying can happen via a number numerous ways. With all different forms of social media, whether it be Twitter, Facebook, or even, Instagram, cyberbullying can occur. Bullying effects our communities. Kids that are bullied appear likely to experience anxiety, depression, loneliness, unhappiness, and sleep deprivation. Yet, while the victim might appear passive, it stands imperative that the parent may not. When a parent takes part in his or her child’s social media, it makes it harder for his or her child to be made fun of because their parents watch over them.A parent can stand as the ultimate counselor a child needs when getting bullied. Real life bullying stops when that final bell rings, but cyberbullying continues outside of the classroom. People will bully someone because they want to lower another person’s self-esteem. But bullying can do more than that! Bully victims appear two to nine t imes more likely to consider suicide. Victims go through this depression where they cannot feel anything except worthlessness. Actions of cyberbullying does not only happen on the social media, it happens through texting as well.More than likely, another student harasses and bashes another student just for their own self amusement. The person never stops to consider the thoughts of his or her victims. Cyberbullying causes depression, school phobia, social anxiety, not wanting to leave the house, and, even thoughts of suicide. Most often cyberbullying may appear as a touchy subject that students must learn how to properly handle and get the help they need. Kids going though this harassment can feel at their lowest then have the harassment to pile on to it.When it comes to cyberbullying, they often are motivated by anger, revenge, or frustration. Sometimes they do it for entertainment or because they appear bored and have too much time on their hands. Many do it for laughs, or to get a reaction, but some do it by accident, that person sends a message to the wrong recipient, or he or she do not think before he or she acts. Power-hungry people do it to torment others and social popularity. Revenge of the nerd may start out as defending themself from traditional bullying only to find that he or she enjoys being the tough guy.Mean girls do it to help bolster, or remind people, of their own social standing. Some think they are justifying the wrong and standing up for others. In general, cyberbullies have their own motives on why they are involved in cyberbullying. Some of their intentions have been identified as anonymity, power, attention, retaliation, boredom, jealousy, and the pleasure of inflicting pain. Numerous people who participate in cyber bullying do it to make themselves feel better. Bullies tend to have much insecurity, but they hide them through insulting others. There are many ways to overcome cyberbullying.He, or she, may just want to click â€Å"dele te† on every hateful email, text, or IM. However, this may not appear as the right motive because there may come a time when this bully needs to get reported, and he or she will need all the evidence right there in front of him or her. To prevent bullying one must save and print each and every mean thing they send. The day will come, when he or she will need this evidence. If the person receives a â€Å"bully† message, never get more involved than needed. Replying to that hurtful comment will only worsen the problem. When all else fails, get others involved.Let Parents or teachers know about the situation. Most likely, they can track the IP address, and get the exact location of the attacker. A cyberbully stands as nothing when they do not behind their internet mask. Talking to them about it upfront, might even scare them away. If this person seems not to be intimidated, or issues more violent or humiliating threats, contact an adult to intervene. Bullying of any kind a ppears illegal in most states. After letting a parent into the situation, allow them to contact the bully's parents. Cyberbullying can happen to anyone and anyone can overcome it as well.

Meaning of life †Human Essay

I believe the meaning of life is to give life a meaning. Throughout my entire life, I have wondered what the purpose is. Why am I and every other human being even on this planet in the first place? That brings me to my next question. Is there a God? If there is, why did he put us here? Any Christian asked will say our sole purpose is to serve God. First of all, what does that even mean? And second, I must ask why? Why would a supernatural being place us strategically on this planet strictly to serve him? That sounds pretty selfish to me. There has to be something more. Something concrete. Something greater. How could there not be? All my life I have worked hard to succeed. I have challenged myself and fought to do better than my best. Why? I asked myself. Why stress so much when I’m only going to die in the end? Pessimistic, I know. Finally, I thought, maybe the meaning of life doesn’t have to be so complex. Maybe the meaning of life is whatever we want it to be. Maybe the meaning of life is to give life a meaning. I do what I do because I want to do it. It’s that simple. I do it because it means something to me. Everyone adds their own meaning to life. The meaning of life is never universal. The meaning of life is never complex. The meaning of life is actually quite simple to think about. Many people help the needy. Others play sports. Both activities add meaning to those lives involved. Purposes change, but the overall meaning of life will always stay the same. The meaning of life is simply to give life a meaning. This I believe.

Free Essays on Women Of 9

Women Of 9/11 September 11, 2001, will be remembered as one of the most horrific and unbelievable days ever experienced in the United States. The events of this day certainly changed every American, and likely affected every person in the world in some way, form or fashion. The events that occurred on September 11, 2001: Four commercial airliners are hijacked by an organized group of terrorists. Two of the airliners crash into and obliterate the twin World Trade Center towers in NYC. One airliner crashes into the Pentagon in Washington DC and destroys a side of the building. These terrorist acts were meant to bring on the demise of America, bring a country so strong to its knees. They succeeded in their mission they brought America to her knees, but what happened next no one expected. America stood up and came together like never before. We regained our composure the men of America came to the plate and performed. The men of the NYFD and NYPD came together and held the country together. Wait a minute where were the women while all this was happening? This is what the media failed to show. When we turned on the television we didn’t see the women digging through the rubble or carrying out survivors, but they did. I am happy that I went to see Women of 9/11 because the thought of women helping never crossed my mind. Its funny how all the women were left out by coincidence, something about that just doesn’t seem right. It would seem that it would make the women involved bitter about it, but that’s not the case at all. The two women who came and spoke were the nicest ladies I have met. They didn’t say anything negative about media stations or other media outlets, they just came to let us know the truth. They came to let us know that the same work we seen the men on the cover of â€Å"Time† or â€Å"Newsweek† doing their were women right besides them....

Compare and Contrast Vertebrate and Invertebrate Vision Essays

Compare and Contrast Vertebrate and Invertebrate Vision Essays Compare and Contrast Vertebrate and Invertebrate Vision Paper Compare and Contrast Vertebrate and Invertebrate Vision Paper Although vertebrates and invertebrates originally evolved from a common ancestral root, both have developed very different physical utilities for vision. Both are fairly effective and have taken many millions of years to evolve. They contain many common underlying mechanisms but differ in the features used to provide them. The definition of an eye is an organ of visual perception that includes parts specialized for optical processing of light as well as well as photoreceptive neurons (Alberts). The main feature of an eye therefore, in all organisms that possess one, is the collection of photoreceptors used in converting light energy into action potentials (electrical energy). When comparing vertebrate and invertebrate vision, the two best-studied cases are the compound eye exemplified by arthropods and the simple eye used in vertebrates. The main difference between the compound and simple eye is that the compound eye uses a spatial array of lenses so that each image in a local region of visual space falls onto one or a few photoreceptors. The simple eye, however, uses a single lens to image the world onto an array of photoreceptors. Compound eyes produce mosaic images. The compound eye is made up of many optical units called ommatidiums, each of which is aimed at a different part of the visual field. Each ommatidium samples a different part of the visual field through a separate lens. In a simple eye, each receptor cell samples part of the field through a lens shared by all receptor cells. In compound eyes, each ommatidium samples an angular cone-shaped portion of the environment, taking in about 2-3i of the visual field. In contrast, each receptor of a simple eye may sample as little as 0. 2i of the visual field. In addition, the simple eye, inverts the image that falls on the retina. Since the receptive field of each ommatidium is relatively large, compound eyes have lower visual acuity than simple eyes. The mosaic image formed by a compound eye is also coarser than that of a simple eye. The simple eye in vertebrates focuses incident light in two stages. In the initial stage, incident light rays are refracted as they pass through the clear outer surface of the eye, called the cornea. They are further refracted as they pass through a second structure, the lens, and finally form an inverted image on the rear internal surface of the eye, the retina. Objects at different distance can be focussed in higher vertebrates by changing the curvature and thickness of the lens, which affects its focal length, the distance at which an image passed through the lens comes into focus. Diffraction is a property of all light and because of this, the angular resolution (resolving power) of any eye is limited by the diameter of its lens. The larger the lens diameter, the higher spatial resolution. The biggest problem for compound eyes is that the resolution is limited because the facets of the individual lens are so small. A compound eye of a given size will have a much lower resolving power than a simple eye of the same size. Optical superposition compound eyes are one way of increasing the effective lens diameter. This structure works by using several separate elements to image incident rays onto a single point, such as a single photoreceptor. This method is used in insects such as fireflies. Another way, is to use neural superposition. Simple eyes on the other hand, use a single lens, and have evolved entirely separately in the cephalopods and vertebrates. The octopus is a good example because the optical design of its eyes is remarkably similar to the vertebrate eye. The one major difference, however is that in octopus eyes, as in all fish eyes, the lens is much more powerful because it has to compensate for the loss in refractive power from the cornea, due to being underwater. Simple eyes have a much larger lens diameter which means that the spatial resolution achievable is much higher than is ever possible with a compound eye. Experiments by Kirschfeld have suggested that in order to obtain the same spatial resolution as a human eye, a compound eye would need to be about 1m across. The eye is a complex structure which has caused many arguments between evolutionary biologists and theologists. Theologists believe that the eye is so perfectly designed to harvest light, and that no intermediary design would be effective, that it must have been created by a divine designer. Biologists believe that it was created step-by-step through natural selection, and that any one step is always an improvement on the last, and thus the eye did not have to be this complex to be of benefit. This argument can be backed up by the evidence of optical diseases in which humans are handicapped in their sight, yet to them, the vision they have is better than none at all, as was a primitive form of an eye. Myopia (short-sightedness) and hypermetropia (long-sightedness) occur when the optical image of a point at infinity (i. e. he far point) falls respectively in front of or behind the retina. These errors commonly occur when the eyeball is too long, or too short, and is easily corrected with a concave or convex lens. These diseases are commonly found amongst the elderly who no longer have such deformable lens and so have difficulty varying the curvature of the lens, and thus focussing on objects at different distances effectively. This is an accommodation problem. Accommodation (discovered by Helmholz) is brought about by the ciliary body that acts on the zonular fibres that support the lens. It contains circumferential (circular) muscle fibres that allow it to act as a sphincter. The lens can be dilated by relaxing the circumferential fibres, and is said to be unaccommodated. The radial fibres of the ciliary body also act by pulling outwards on the zonular fibres that support the lens, thereby thinning it. The lens is accommodated when the circumferential fibres contract, and the lens is forced to shrink. The tension in the zonular fibres is reduced, and the lens is allowed to relax into a thicker, more curved shape, with greater refractive power. A related neuronal mechanism produces binocular convergence, in which the left and right eyes are positioned by the ocular muscles so that the images received by the two eyes fall on analogous parts of the two retinas, regardless of the distance between the object and the eyes. When an object is close, each of the two eyes must rotate towards the middle of the nose; when an object is far away, the two eyes rotate outward from the midline. Photoreceptors transduce photons of electromagnetic radiation from the visible light spectrum, into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the nervous system. The energy of the electromagnetic radiation varies inversely with its wavelength, and we perceive this variation in energy as variation in colour. The outermost layer of the vertebrate retina includes two classes of photoreceptor in vertebrates: rods and cones. There are about 100 million rods in the eye and 5 million cones. A small central area called the fovea, is densely packed with cones, but in the periphery, rods outnumber cones by 20:1. Cones function best in bright light and provide high resolution, whereas rods function best in dim light but provide much less resolution. In humans, cones mediate colour vision, and rods mediate achromatic vision. These different properties are used to expand the visual capabilities of animals living in certain conditions. For example, animals that live in flat, open environments such as rabbits, usually have horizontal regions within the retina that contain a high density of cones. This concentration of cones is called the visual streak. This region corresponds to the horizon in the visual world and is thought to confer maximal resolution in this part of the scene, allowing the animal to interpret shapes on the horizon with great precision. A receptor current exists for all sensory receptors which are usually modulated by the stimulus. In the case of vertebrate photoreceptors, the light stimulus actually reduces the circulating current, by causing the closure of ion channels. Although both invertebrates and vertebrates have eyes containing photoreceptors, they differ in their structure. Vertebrate receptor cells contain a segment with an internal structure similar to that of a cilium. This cilium connects the outer segment, which contains the photoreceptive membranes to the inner segment, which includes the nucleus and mitochondria. The photoreceptors of many invertebrates lack the ciliary structure that connects the inner and outer segments of vertebrate rods and cones and the lamellae and or stacks of disks containing visual pigment. Instead, the visual pigment is located in the microvilli formed by the plasma membrane, and these pigment-containing microvilli are organised into rhabdomeres. Visual pigments consist of 2 major components: a protein (opsin) and a light-absorbing molecule (either retinal or 3-dehydroretinal). Opsins are protein visual pigment molecules consisting of 7 transmembrane ? -helix domains. Opsins are coupled to photopigment molecules that are structurally altered by the absorption of photons, and in turn modify the opsin protein. The retinal molecule assumes two sterically distinct states in the retina. In the absence of light, the opsin and retinal are linked covalently and retinal is in an 11-cis formation. The covalent bond allows this light-absorbing molecule to act as a powerful antagonist. On capturing a photon, the retinal isomerises into the all-trans configuration, initiating a series of changes in the visual pigment, as the molecule is rendered enzymatically active. When light hits the photopigment, an intermediate metharhodopsin II forms that activates the G-protein transducin. Transducin activity closes Na+ channels and the receptor cell hyperpolarizes. Activated rhodopsin is hydrolysed spontaneously to retinal and rhodopsin which is hydrolysed spontaneously to retinal and opsin which are both used repeatedly. Studies made on the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus have revealed a lot about vision. The crab has paired lateral compound eyes as well as five simple eyes: medial and lateral pairs on the dorsal surface and a single unpaired simple eye on the ventral surface. The compound eyes are typical compound eyes whereas the simple eyes are similar in structure to the simplest eye known, which consists of a shallow open pit lined with photoreceptor cells that are backed by screening pigment. Each ommatidium of a compound eye contains several photoreceptor cells. The photoreceptor cells of the Limulus compound eye are located at the base of each ommatidium. Each ommatidium lies beneath a hexagonal section of an outer transparent layer, the corneal lens. Visual transduction takes place in 12 retinular, or photoreceptor, cells. Each retinular cell has a rhabdomere, a part of the cell in which the plasma membrane is thrown into densely packed microvilli, making this the part of the cell that captures light energy. The microvilli greatly increase the surface area of the plasma membrane, which increases the probability that incident light will be captured by the rhodopsin molecules embedded in the membrane. Together, the 12 rhabdomeres of the retinular cells make up a rhabdome, which surrounds the dendrite of an afferent neuron, the eccentric cell. Depolarisations of the plasma membrane can be recorded in the retinular cells when the eye is exposed to very dim light. These quantum bumps increase in frequency as the light intensity increases (i. e. as more photons impinge on the receptors). The bumps are electrical signals generated as a result of the absorption of individual quanta of light. How can capture of a single photon lead to rapid release of so much energy? In this case, through a cascade of chemical reactions inside the cell that includes G-protein activation. Activation of the G-protein cascade occurs by diffusional contact between activated rhodopsin and molecules of G-protein, which are activated sequentially, as explained above; the activated g-protein in turn activates an effector enzyme, the PDE (phosphodiesterase); this is a 1:1 step, i. e. it has no amplification. A second stage of amplification occurs because the activated PDE is an enzyme which catalyses the destruction of cGMP. The net effect is to open ion channels, allowing cations to enter the cell. In Limulus, the receptor current through the light activated channels is carried by Na+, K+ and some Ca2+. This current causes a depolarising receptor potential. When the light goes off, the channels close again, and the membrane repolarises. The sensitivity of individual photoreceptors drops with exposure to light. This light adaptation is thought to be mediated by Ca+ ions, which enter the cells when light causes ion channels to open and which by some mechanism then reduce the current through light-activated channels. Although the Limulus eye is simple compared to that of invertebrates, the visual system is capable of generating electrical activity that parallels some of the more sophisticated features of human visual perception. The crab does however lack the degree of colour perception seen by the human eye, because it lacks the short and long wave colour pigments in its cones. It is interesting to see how two totally different mechanisms of visual perception can be so different yet interrelated in many ways, and that they have involved independently to perform the same function.

Poison Dart Frog Facts

Poison Dart Frog Facts Poison dart frogs are small tropical frogs in the family Dendrobatidae. These brightly colored frogs secrete mucous that packs a powerful poisonous punch, while other members of the family camouflage themselves against their surroundings and are nontoxic. Fast Facts: Poison Dart Frog Scientific Name: Family Dendrobatidae (e.g., Phyllobates terribilis)Common Names: Poison dart frog, poison arrow frog, poison frog, dendrobatidBasic Animal Group: AmphibianSize: 0.5-2.5 inchesWeight: 1 ounceLifespan: 1-3 yearsDiet: OmnivoreHabitat: Tropical forests of Central and South AmericaPopulation: Stable or decreasing, depending on speciesConservation Status: Least Concern to Critically Endangered Species There are over 170 species and 13 genera of poison dart frogs. Although collectively known as poison dart frogs, only four species in the genus Phyllobates were documented as used to poison blowdart tips. Some species are nonpoisonous. Description Most poison dart frogs are brightly colored to warn potential predators of their toxicity. However, nontoxic poison dart frogs are cryptically colored so that they can blend in with their surroundings. Adult frogs are small, ranging from half an inch to just under two and a half inches in length. On average, adults weigh one ounce. Habitat and Distribution Poison dart frogs live in the tropical and subtropical rainforests and wetlands of Central and South America. They are found in Costa Rica, Panama, Nicaragua, Suriname, French Guiana, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Brazil, Guyana, and Brazil. The frogs have been introduced into Hawaii. Diet and Behavior Tadpoles are omnivorous. They feed on debris, dead insects, insect larvae, and algae. Some species eat other tadpoles. Adults use their sticky tongues to capture, ants, termites, and other small invertebrates. Poison Dart Frog Toxicity The frogs poison comes from its diet. Specifically, alkaloids from arthropods accumulate and are secreted through the frogs skin. The toxins vary in potency. The most toxic poison dart frog is the golden poison frog (Phyllobates terribilis). Each frog contains about one milligram of the poison batrachotoxin, which is sufficient to kill between 10 and 20 people or 10,000 mice. Batrachotoxin prevents nerve impulses from transmitting the signal to relax muscles, causing heart failure. There are no antidotes for poison dart frog exposure. Theoretically, death would occur within three minutes, however, there are no published reports of human deaths from poison dart frog poisoning. The frog has special sodium channels, so it is immune to its own poison. Some predators have developed immunity to the toxin, including the snake Erythrolamprus epinephalus. The golden poison frog (Phyllobates terribilis) is the most poisonous poison dart frog. Paul Starosta, Getty Images Reproduction and Offspring If the climate is sufficiently wet and warm, poison dart frogs breed year-round. In other areas, breeding is triggered by rainfall. After courtship, the female lays between one and 40 eggs, which are fertilized by the male. Usually both the male and the female guard the eggs until they hatch. Hatching depends on species and temperature, but usually takes between 10 and 18 days. Then, the hatchlings climb onto their parents backs, where they are carried to a nursery. The nursery is a small pool of water between the leaves of bromeliads or other epiphytes. The mother supplements the nutrients of the water by laying unfertilized eggs into it. The tadpoles complete the metamorphosis into adult frogs after several months. In the wild, poison dart frogs live from 1 to 3 years. They may live 10 years in captivity, although the tri-colored poison frog may live 25 years. After the eggs hatch, poison dart frogs carry the tadpoles to a nursery formed by water in bromeliad leaves. kikkerdirk, Getty Images Conservation Status The poison dart frog conservation status varies widely, depending on the species. Some species, such as the dyeing poison frog (Dendobates tinctorius) are classified by the IUCN as least concern and enjoy a stable population. Others, such as Summers poison frog (Ranitomeya summersi), are endangered and decreasing in numbers. Still other species have gone extinct or have yet to be discovered. Threats The frogs face three major threats: habitat loss, collection for the pet trade, and death from the fungal disease chytridiomycosis. Zoos that keep poison dart frogs often treat them with an antifungal agent to control the disease. Poison Dart Frogs and Humans Poison dart frogs are popular pets. They require high humidity and controlled temperatures. Even when their diet is changed, wild-caught poisonous frogs retain their toxicity for some time (potentially years) and should be handled with care. Captive-bred frogs become poisonous if fed an alkaloid-containing diet. The toxic alkaloids from some species may have medicinal value. For example, the compound epibatidine from Epipedobates tricolor skin is a painkiller that is 200 times more powerful than morphine. Other alkaloids show promise as appetite suppressants, heart stimulants, and muscle relaxants. Sources Daszak, P.; Berger, L.; Cunningham, A.A.; Hyatt, A.D.; Green, D.E.; Speare, R. Emerging infectious diseases and amphibian population declines. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 5 (6): 735–48, 1999. doi:10.3201/eid0506.990601La Marca, Enrique and Claudia Azevedo-Ramos. Dendrobates leucomelas. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2004: e.T55191A11255828. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T55191A11255828.enSpeed, I; M. A. Brockhurst; G. D. Ruxton. The dual benefits of aposematism: Predator avoidance and enhanced resource collection. Evolution. 64 (6): 1622–1633, 2010. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00931.xStefan, LÃ ¶tters; Jungfer, Karl-Heinz; Henkel, Friedrich Wilhelm; Schmidt, Wolfgang. Poison Frogs: Biology, Species, Captive Husbandry. Serpents Tale. pp. 110–136, 2007. ISBN 978-3-930612-62-8.

A Step Up Speech For a 14 Year Old (Student Government) Essay

A Step Up Speech For a 14 Year Old (Student Government) - Essay Example But it never perturbed me because I had amazing mentors around me. They always guided me and encouraged me whenever I consulted them. With each passing year I am becoming more responsible and confident and this is due to the support of the teachers of my school. I will never forget the efforts and love of Ms. Miller and Mr. Neilson who have always been there whenever I needed them. They have always been appurtenance to me who give strength and bring out the best in me and improve my capabilities. Respected Sir and Madam I respect you and will always admire your efforts. Thank you for your love for all these years. My mother has always been hortative. It is due to her support and kindness that I have been able to come this far. Now that I am being promoted to the next and higher level, I am sure that whatever I have learned from the competent faculty I will utilize it effectively in the next four years. I hope by running for the post of President in high school I will be able to make all of you proud of

Total Quality Management Question#2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Total Quality Management Question#2 - Essay Example Oakland (2000) proposed that employees' participation helps in implementing the total quality management (TQM) strategy. For this to happen, employees must be made aware about the different aspects of quality and how they can be partners in implementing quality strategy. Such an arrangement, often termed as the participative form of management, is stated to help the subordinates in sharing the decision making power with their superiors. But the success of any strategy depends upon a number of factors, implementation policy and prevailing circumstances. Therefore the key elements for improving the levels of quality in the billing department include; In view of the evolving global economy, which demands appropriately skilled workforce, most of the governments around the world have started undertaking reforms of their education and training systems, with inclusion of the vocational streams into the system and by providing apprenticeship training to the students. Such training is often provided in technical skills. But the copier company has a mixed workforce which includes trained manpower for carrying out the technical work, maintenance etc. while the other category includes customer care executives and marketing people who require more of behavioural training. There's another category of employees belonging to the accounts and administration branch who might have undergone some training in their respective fields, but when it comes to live experience, their training might require some more polishing to mould them in sync with the company's principles and objectives. John Ruskin, an English critic of 19th century once said, "Qua lity is never an accident, it is always the result of intelligent effort". This statement sums up the kind of efforts required for deliver value to the customer and for producing a quality product and service. To start with, there must be a sincere effort on the part of the management to keep the communication channels working between workers and management. Interaction at regular intervals with the customer care executives, billing clerks, technicians, sales clerks etc. helps not only in gathering the feedback from them, but such interaction also helps in motivating the workers. Company officials must inform the workers in detail about company policies and objectives. The interactions at regular intervals must be used by the company managers to collect as much information as possible about the expectations of the employees from the company and their apprehensions/ doubts about handling some typical situations. An effort must be made by the company officials to solicit the opinions of the workers in resolving some of the testing situations. Such an exercise would no doubt encourage the workers to come out with innovative solutions, but it will also help in company preparing a detailed data base of its working style, working conditions etc., which in turn will help in preparing better customer handling policies. The workers must be trained in handling the customer

Ethical Issue. Organ donation Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ethical Issue. Organ donation - Term Paper Example Often, brain dead individuals who are still breathing and whose hearts have not yet stopped beating are deemed as dead and their organs are retrieved with the consent of their closest relatives. The question here is – how can a person be defined as dead? And whether relatives who are grieving the death of a loved one be allowed to go through the harassing and mentally painful proceedings of donating the organs of their loved one while he/she is still at the death bed? Even more remorseful is the situation wherein the organs of a dead individual are removed prior to sending the body to his/her home for a funeral. Most countries around the world have laws that presume that an individual is ready to donate organs upon death, unless he/she registers against donation, beforehand. This law is in force in many European and Asian countries such as Spain and Singapore, due to which the rates of organ donation are very high in these countries (Abouna 56). In case of living individuals, there are other causes of concern. It is often seen that family members coerce a healthy individual, whose organ matches that of a needy relative, into donating an organ against his/her wish. Although most countries have banned forced organ donation and coercion, familial pressure and emotional blackmail lead most individuals into doing so, reluctantly. In another scenario, economically backward individuals sell their organs for money. This brings forth another cause of concern as rich individuals in need of organs can easily exploit the poor. Organ donation is thus a huge problem and the issues are not just ethical but also economical, political and social. Donation by living persons falls in three categories – Directed donation to a relative, Directed donation to a stranger and Non-directed donation in which an organ is donated to a general pool and transplanted to a needy individual on top of the waiting list (Truog 444). Each of these donations has its own

Business Proposal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Proposal - Assignment Example As a company, Samsung is more of a market follower because it does not pioneer any product but only innovates existing products to make it better and cheaper. The classic example is the smartphone industry whereby Samsung was not its pioneer but is able to dominate the market. This demonstrates Samsung’s ability to adapt to market conditions and dominate it. At present, Samsung dominates the smartphone industry seconded by Apple. The industry may be very competitive with several players vying for market share but the majority of the market share is occupied by Samsung and Apple with other players only having a tiny fraction of the market. The two players, Samsung and Apple also dictate the price of the industry. Such, albeit there are several players in the industry, the smartphone industry can still be considered as an oligopoly because only two companies control and dominate the market. Oligopoly is a market structure dominated by few firms (www.economicshelp, nd). The other players such as Sony, Nokia, NEC and Lenovo has very little influence in the market although these companies are introducing their own innovations, they were however not significant enough to reverse the trend in the smartphone industry as dictated by the two major players. One aspect of the smartphone industry that makes it an oligopoly is the huge amount of resources needed to enter in the market. There resources are not only limited in monetary terms but also in human and intellectual resource. These serve as a barrier to entry that only very few firms can join the industry making the market structure as oligopoly. Information about the products are also tightly guarded as industrial advantage and are considered as a competitive advantage honed by research and development. Research and development is one of key characteristics of Samsung that enabled it to dominate the market even if it is just a market follower. The company was not even a significant market player in

How did the Normans consolidate control of post-conquest England Essay

How did the Normans consolidate control of post-conquest England - Essay Example Following King Edward’s death, a council of influential men commonly known as Witan settled on Harold Godwin to take charge of England. This decision did not augur well with several people including William, who was the then King of the Normans and Harold’s brother Tostig. William particularly took issue with the fact that Edward had promised him the crown of England when he retired, and swore to that in 1063. King Harold’s, first obstacle was to face his brother Tostig, who had combined forces with the then King of Norway to overthrow Harold’s rule. Tostig’s desire to rise to power nevertheless, came to an abrupt end in September of that year when the English army won against them (Warren 1987, pg. 18). Buoyed by the victory he had just had over his brother, Harold marshalled his troops to carry on with their match, with their next destination being King William’s sphere of influence, located within the northern region of France. In October of 1066, the two warring parties met near Hastings, and the great battle over the English crown began. At first, Harold Godwin’s men were destined to beat the Normans. However, their weariness became evident when the situation changed suddenly and Harold was killed in the process . The battle did not stop until such a time when all of Harold’s loyal bodyguards were all eliminated (Warren 1987, pg. 19). William the then Norman king ascended to the English crown, and with it came the Norman invasion of England. As mentioned in the section above, the Norman conquest of England began in 1066, following the invasion of the Kingdom of England by William the Duke of Normandy. Moreover, William’s victory during the battle of Hastings heightened his claim for the English crown. Though it came with a mixed bag of reactions, the Norman conquest of the English Kingdom proved vital for the history of England (Roche 1995, pg. 46). This is majorly because the invasion linked England more

Business Proposal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Proposal - Assignment Example As a company, Samsung is more of a market follower because it does not pioneer any product but only innovates existing products to make it better and cheaper. The classic example is the smartphone industry whereby Samsung was not its pioneer but is able to dominate the market. This demonstrates Samsung’s ability to adapt to market conditions and dominate it. At present, Samsung dominates the smartphone industry seconded by Apple. The industry may be very competitive with several players vying for market share but the majority of the market share is occupied by Samsung and Apple with other players only having a tiny fraction of the market. The two players, Samsung and Apple also dictate the price of the industry. Such, albeit there are several players in the industry, the smartphone industry can still be considered as an oligopoly because only two companies control and dominate the market. Oligopoly is a market structure dominated by few firms (www.economicshelp, nd). The other players such as Sony, Nokia, NEC and Lenovo has very little influence in the market although these companies are introducing their own innovations, they were however not significant enough to reverse the trend in the smartphone industry as dictated by the two major players. One aspect of the smartphone industry that makes it an oligopoly is the huge amount of resources needed to enter in the market. There resources are not only limited in monetary terms but also in human and intellectual resource. These serve as a barrier to entry that only very few firms can join the industry making the market structure as oligopoly. Information about the products are also tightly guarded as industrial advantage and are considered as a competitive advantage honed by research and development. Research and development is one of key characteristics of Samsung that enabled it to dominate the market even if it is just a market follower. The company was not even a significant market player in

Construction Safety Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Construction Safety - Assignment Example The main objective of an emergency action plan is to consider safety requirements with special importance given to mis-haps like â€Å"fall, struck by, caught between and electrical hazards† (CPWR, 2010), and etcetera. The plan focuses on guarding labor in vehicle traffic, providing secure working zone for cranes, maintaining a secure heavy-duty route, allowing safe carriage of construction material, diminishing noise exposure by correctly locating heavy machinery, checking carbon monoxide discharge, preventing risks of fire, maintaining sanitation and drinking water system for workers, and making emergency transport easily available. Hazards that are addressed are traffic security, floods, harsh weather irregularities, quakes, facility blackout, illness, electrical protection, material management, collisions, fire safety, and trapped in vulnerabilities while working on site. The major components of an emergency plan involve measures regarding personal injury; methods for repo rting construction disasters; policies and procedures for project evacuation; procedures for emergency escape; assignment of routes for escape like floor plans, maps and refuge areas; procedures for fire extinguishers; rescue plan; and, procedures to handle employees after

Administrator Challenge Paper Essay Example for Free

Administrator Challenge Paper Essay My experience in corrections is limited to only 4 years. I feel that in my time there, I learned a lot about what the custody part of corrections job consists of, not necessarily what the parole portion or the prison administration does. As a first line supervisor within the correctional system, the staff was held to somewhat of the same standards as I did young airmen in the military. They were expected to be at work on time, read their post orders daily, and maintain control of the dormitory or segregation unit in which they worked. They were given the opportunity to make decisions on their own and only to keep me informed of what they were doing. Most of the decision making came from the Warden and his staff. We had a Correctional Major and Captains as intermediate level supervisor who took the brunt of the complaints between custody and administration. There were policies and directives being disseminated constantly within the prison. At time it felt like the saying â€Å"going blind with paperwork†, having to read everything being passed down. Some of the policies had justification and some seemed to be just frivolous fodder to give administration something to do. See more: Recruitment and selection process essay Another issue which was the cause of much contention within the custody ranks was the adherence to the rules or policies. One of the main culprits of many custody staff being fired or quitting was the use of tobacco within the facilities. The facility is a â€Å"tobacco free† facility. That means no tobacco for any offenders or staff members. Tobacco is an addictive drug and there were many staff members who snuck cigarettes and smokeless tobacco into the facility because of their need to have it, instead of waiting until their shift was over. This in-turn was also the cause of offenders running illegal contraband within the confines of the facility. Staff members would smuggle tobacco by the pouches into the facility as staff was rarely shaken down. This made it ideal for dishonest staff to make some extra money bringing in contraband to offenders. Once the offender had the staff member on the hook for smuggling, it was just a matter of time before the staff was caught and fi red for it. Tobacco often times was more expensive than drugs like marijuana, prescription medication, or cocaine. I feel that another of the main issues, at least within the facility I worked at, was the discord between custody and non-custody staff. Custody was in charge of all the offenders within the facilities, while non-custody had interactions with offenders, their main job was to teach in most cases. Many were college or high school teachers, facility supervisors over the industrial areas, and nursing staff or administration. These non-staff positions often tried to tell custody staff how to do their jobs. This often caused contention between all parties and when brought to the custody supervisor, was corrected after having spoken with the non-custody supervisor. This course has opened my eyes to the administration side of Criminal Justice. Prior to this course, I had no idea about how budgeting or the financial aspect of Criminal Justice actually worked. This topic is one which I am glad to have studied. I may not get to the administrative level of whatever Criminal Justice profession I choose, but having some knowledge of how it works will definitely benefit me in the long run. I would encourage anyone taking Criminal Justice or pursuing a career in Criminal Justice to take this course as the material if very relevant to the job, especially those seeking positions as administration. Also, mid-level supervisors should take it as it gives them insight into what is expected of the administration when it comes to policy, budgets and financial planning for the Criminal Justice System. I wish I had taken this course just a bit later in my college studies as I had quite a few irons in the fire during this courses duration. Trying to juggle college, a fulltime job, family life, and other outside entities were definitely distractors during this course. I did not get to dedicate the time fully to the course that if deserved and my grade refle cts that.

We Propose Rhb Bank Marketing Essay

We Propose Rhb Bank Marketing Essay We propose RHB bank to have co-branding with Padini Concept Store and come out with a RHB-Padini Concept Store Credit Card to extent the RHB Platinum Card. Our target audience are workers and upper middle class who are aged at a range between 25 to 45 years old. One of the promotion strategies we propose to the RHB bank is through Sales Promotion by using various types of vouchers. And other types of promotion strategies such as Personal Selling Strategy, Advertisements and Social Media Marketing Strategy and Direct Marketing Strategy. 1. Sales Promotion Strategy Sales promotion is a short-term incentive to encourage the purchase of a sale a product or services. This may be used to help RHB bank tap into and extent the market in the Padini concept store. A cash voucher may attract customers to induce them in an instant sale and help the consumers to save more. Simultaneously, Padini Concept Store will also be able to increase their sales revenue, increase the number of RHB banks cardholder and gain loyalty from customers. This is a three wins situation to each other. The supplementary cardholders are not eligible for this Promotion. RHB bank could help the cardholders to save more money by sending Padini Concept Store a monthly 20% discount voucher to every cardholder through mail according to the applicants address. It includes seasonal promotions for example, Mothers Day, Fathers Day, Christmas, Chinese New Year, Halloween, and Valentines Day and so on. The cardholder will be given a Padini monthly discount voucher to get discount on the products among the brands available in Padini concept store. If the Padini is doing 10% discount on all items, by using this voucher, the customer can get another extra 20% discount. For example, if when there is Mothers Day, the cardholders are only allowed to redeem the 20% discount in the women department. However, the Padini monthly 20% discount voucher is only valid in every first week of the month. Upon the cardholder birthday, the existence RHB Platinum Credit Card will have 30% cash back during cardholder birthday month. In order to improve, RHB bank will contact that particular cardholder, to inform him or her to come over the Padini Concept Store to get a birthday gift voucher. The birthday gift voucher is worth RM 50. The cardholder may use this voucher to redeem any products sold in Padini Concept Store with the price at or below RM 50. However, if the price of the product is below RM 50, the extra balance is not refundable. Consequently, the cardholder will need to pay extra money to purchase the products if the amount exceeded RM 50 that offer in Padini store by using RHB-Padini Concept Store Credit Card to collect 5 times reward points. However, the voucher can only be used in Padini concept store. In the Padini Concept Store, there are several brands such as SEED, PCO, PDI, MIKI, VINCCI, and BRANDS OUTLET. The cardholders are allowed to choose to purchase any of the p roducts offered by these brands. 2. Personal Selling Strategy RHB bank may adopt the method of personal selling strategies for trying to induce potential consumer to apply for RHB-Padini Concept Store Credit Card in a road show inside or outside the shopping mall, because there are heavy human traffic and many potential customers. Personal selling is the selling of products and services by face-to-face contact with the customer. This can be done by having salespeople approaching the potential customers in person. If the customer is an existing RHB credit card holder, then the salespeople offer the customer the RHB-Padini Concept Store Credit Card as a cross selling. However, the salespeople must be well trained, because the salespeople is the person who will communicate directly and immediately to get the consumers feedback. It is a two-way communication. It can be expensive and time consuming, but also is the most effective form of promotion if compare to other mass communication because the salespeople can make adjustments to address questions or concerns to make the customer much understand about the product. Here is a relationship between personal selling and sales promotion. The first 200 applicants to apply RHB-Padini Concept Store Credit Card, no matter in bank or online purchase, the applicants are entitled to get a RM 200 Padini cash voucher and a free HP laptop bag that worth RM 70 for every cardholder. 3. Advertisements and Social Media Marketing Strategy Advertising is a form of mass communication that is paid for and involves the non-personal presentation of goods and ideas. It usually classified as two types, above-the-line and below-the-line. Through advertising, RHB bank can communicate and inform potential customers about products and services. Also, telling the consumers about the features and benefits and how to obtain it and finally persuade them to make a purchase. It is important for the consumers to know what are the company trying to offer and it create a position in the market place. Hence, it will enhance both the Padini Concept Store and RBH banks reputation and positive image. This is the relationship of Sales with advertising and promotions. Above-the-line advertising such as television and newspaper does not provide information regarding the promotions effectively and it can be expensive. Therefore, RHB bank can go for social media marketing strategy such as the internet. As internet are easily accessible and requires a relatively low cost, more information can be provided and easy for the consumer to obtain the information in the company website. They can just click on the particular advert in the website at everywhere in the world and 24 hours a day. This advertisement enables an organisation to reach every single potential consumer at a very low cost. Nowadays, popular social networking sites like Twitter and Facebook can be used to spread the news regarding the promotions. RHB bank may also consider creating a Facebook page and putting all the relevant information or pay an advertising fee to create a small advertisement on Facebook social network to build the awareness of the RHB-Padini Concept Store Credit Card am ong the Facebook users. The another method is below-the-line advertising, RHB bank may adopt direct mail to send the gift voucher together with Padini catalogues to deliver the current promotion to existing customers who already have saving account and current account or other type of RHB credit card holder to apply for RHB-Padini Concept Store Credit Card. This method is also known as cross selling. Because there are potential, it can lead to a higher probability of getting converted into actual sales. The more financial products and services they have, the more profitable the RHB bank is. The feedback from customers also will immediately be responded, therefore it is easier to measure the positive result. Because RHB bank is suggested to create a Facebook fan page in order to encourage more people to like the page, there must has a gift such as a recycle bag which is printed RHB bank logo to those who have like-ed the Facebook page during the road show. Some of the Padini Concept Store catalogue and any information about RHB-Padini Concept Store Credit Card may be printed on the recycle bag as an advertising tool. Besides, RHB bank may also distribute the company survey form during road show. For those who have completed the survey will get a free pocket umbrella that has a RHB bank logo printed on it and RHB-Padini Concept Store Credit Card image. Therefore, it can also be an advertising tool for RHB bank. The last advertisement tool suggests to RHB bank is advertising the RHB-Padini Concept Store Credit Card in a current on air movie. For example, the main character going to the RHB bank and show the RHB bank logo and the artist use the RHB-Padini Concept Store Credit Card to make payment in the film. For who have watched the movie no matter in cinema or home will also get the message. Because it is advertised in a movie, it will be impressive and positive positioning to the viewer therefore they will likely to apply the RHB-Padini Concept Store Credit Card. 4. Direct Marketing Strategy (Telemarketing and Direct Selling) Besides, RHB bank also can do direct marketing. Direct marketing is attractive because its positive results can be measured directly. Telemarketing takes the time and cost for finding new customers in the right time and right people, or generating interest in RHB-Padini Concept Store Credit Card by taking the information directly to the customer. Besides, it is easy to target the best customers and reach the prospects question with the most potential customer. The purpose of this method is to expand the market and increase the number of customer and sales. Telemarketing consistently outperforms all other forms of marketing and is the most powerful, cost-effective marketing tool available today. Thus, it should be part of RHB bank marketing plan. Direct selling is the marketing of products or services to consumers through sales tactics (give voucher) including presentations without go through any middle man. If the cardholder spends more than RM 300 in a single receipt, he or she will get a RM 30 Padini cash voucher. However, there is a maximum amount for the cardholder to get a RM 100 Padini cash voucher which is to spend RM 1799 or above in a single receipt on with RHB-Padini Concept Store Credit Card and obtain the voucher at the payment counter. As a conclusion, promotion strategy is a useful tool in attracting customers. Simultaneously, it can also help the Padini concept store to achieve higher profitability and strengthen their markets position in the clothing industry and also gain the customer loyalty in RHB bank. Promotional strategies are important for financial services to continual growth, because it is an intangible product, in order to increase the number of customer, there must be enough information and attractiveness to enhance the customer to make purchasing decision.

Discuss the function of the Inspector in An Inspector Calls Essay

Discuss the function of the Inspector in An Inspector Calls John Boynton Priestly in 1945 wrote the play ‘An Inspector Calls’ but set it in 1912. This time difference creates a sense of dramatic irony as the play was written after it was set. The audience would be aware of the events which had taken place between 1912 and 1945, including world war one and two which they would no doubt have experience first hand. ‘An Inspector Calls’ was first performed in Russia, Moscow. This is significant because of the Russian Revolution, which was a system of collective social responsibility where the sate owned everything and used the wealth to look after its citizens. As England was left destroyed due to the world war, therefore there would have been very few playhouses, so Russia had to be alternative for performing the play. The play is set in three scenes. The entire play is set in the dining room of Mr Birling’s house. In contrast this creates claustrophobia and tension as the characters in the play feel as if they are trapped, nowhere to go until the truth is revealed. Although the play is about the death of a young girl called Eva Smith who has committed suicide. Due to this mysterious death, the Birling family has a nasty surprise waiting. The Birling’s are meant to have a high status in their community and they all have done bad things, which has forced a young woman to kill herself. In the play, it reveals what each of them did which leads to Eva Smiths death. As the play concludes we find out that, the inspector has been questioning the Birling family for moral values and their sense of social responsibilities. The inspector is not only a character in the play; he is a dramatic device who has seve... ...w yet, Are you sure you don't know†. J.B Priestly purposely does not use a question mark in this quote to show that the Inspector already knows the answer. This affects the characters as they are firstly surprised on how much knowledge the inspector has and the Birlings cannot give a straight answer. The Inspector knows so much about Eva smith due to finding her diary and some letters. â€Å"I had an idea from something the girl herself wrote". At the start of the play, we are introduced to the Birlings who are no other than an upper class family. The whole family all seem to be living peacefully. Until the moment where it all begins, â€Å"It can’t be any worse for me than it has been. And it might be better† Sheila says. Gerald replies, â€Å"I see†. At this stage the relationship shatters and then from there on the worst is spoken by the inspector to the Birlings.

Generalist Intervention

Abstract This paper explores the topic of the disenfranchised population of the African American Culture, how the Generalist Intervention Model will be effective in my intervention, how African Americans were impacted by past situations, oppression and discrimination, resources available to this group, problems with this group, and social justice and social welfare. Introduction This paper examines the African American culture and how the social worker as a Generalist can intervene on their behalf. African Americans were used for slavery and denied any civil rights for many years of human history.African Americans experienced racism and discrimination but it did not impact their determination to seek freedom. Many people in US History fought for Civil Rights and failed many times. It was not until the revolution war that changes were attempted. Historical Background The struggles of the African American culture have existed for almost all human history. During the 17th century, Europ ean settlers in North America turned to slaves as a cheaper labor source. The first slaves arrived in Virginia around 1619 and slavery existed in America for the next 250 years.Many African Americans were captured during African wars and raids, and then sold to white traders (Williams, 2005). African Americans were treated poorly and striped from many rights. It was not until the revolutionary war that the cease of slavery was attempted. Some blacks were freed but were still mistreated in several ways. Blacks were not allowed in most public places and attended their own schools. The fight to end slavery was difficult, but abolitionists finally won. Slavery ended in the United States in 1865, but the people who were once slaves didn't get treated fairly after slavery ended.Therefore the Civil Rights Movement continued (Williams, 2005). African Americans have been the victims of both institutional and individual racism in ways that have left almost indelible imprints on every man, wom en, and child (Kirst-Ashman ; Hull, pg. 457). Problems for African Americans African Americans experience discrimination in employment, housing, health care, and education (Kirst-Ashman ; Hull, pg. 456). Job opportunities offered to African Americans are usually the lowest paying ones. This problem tends to lead to a higher poverty rate in the African American culture.Almost 24 percent of African American families live in poverty, according to the U. S. Census Bureau (2006) (Kirst-Ashman ; Hull, p 456). In 2003 the U. S. Census Bureau reported that African Americans have been said to have the highest rates of disability. Also, African-Americans tend to have a higher percentage in mental disorders. African Americans are often incorrectly diagnosed with having a mental disorder because they are often prone to use the emergency room for medical attention (Kirst-Ashman ; Hull, p 456).Some other problems seen in the African American culture are communications patterns and family experien ces. Many times the African American language is misunderstood for a lack of education. In all cultures grammar and speech are different but can be translated as the same meaning. As a social worker we must understand the different cultures and their way of communication. Another issue that a social worker should be educated in is family experiences. African American churches have played a big role in the history of the civil rights movement (Kirst-Ashman ; Hull, p 457).A major part of the social worker knows the background of the client’s religious views. Religion has a major impact on the history, decisions, and values of the client. Knowing the problems, experiences and historical background of any client can help the intervention process. The African American culture has had many obstacles and setbacks as they tried to gain Civil Rights. In today’s society African Americans have the same rights as other cultures in the United States. However, bitterness from past a ctions against African Americans is still an issue in today’s society.The purpose to analyze social policies such as Civil Rights are to specify the rights of specific groups such as women, men, persons of color, persons of every national origin, persons with mental and physical challenges, older persons, children and youth, persons of all faiths, and persons with specific sexual orientations (Jansson, 2009, p 7). Violation of the Civil Rights can be declared as unethical from an outcomes perspective (Jansson, 2009, p. 41). When people are denied the rights enjoyed by others, they are less likely to be an asset to society (Jansson, 2009).African Americans were stripped from having the same rights as others. First-ethnical principle views include honesty, due process, fairness, and not killing (Jansson, 2009). Many African Americans were killed from hatred acts and unfairness. The relativist approach views of what constitutes unacceptable violations of civil rights are powerfu lly shaped by culture and politics (Jansson, 2009, p 42). African Americans were denied the right to vote. The Civil Rights Acts have allowed the vulnerable population of African Americans to enjoy the rights that they were once stripped of. InterventionWhat is Generalist practice? Generalist practice knows a wide array of skills, working with individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities, and the work in based on a body of knowledge, practice skills, and professional values (Kirst-Ashman ; Hull, p 3). The social worker links people with programs or services through a process of careful assessment. The advocate presents and argues for services for a single client who otherwise would be rejected, as well as fights to modify rules, regulations, or laws on behalf of a class or group of clients who usually might be discriminated against.The evaluator carefully collects and evaluates data to assess client or community need to formulate a plan of intervention. The outreach worker actively reaches into the community to identify people who need services and to help them meet their needs (Gibbs, Locke, Lohmann, 1990). When practicing the generalist approach the Generalist Intervention Model is the foundation. The GMI is a practice model that provides step-by-step directions concerning how to undertake the planned change process, which is general, directed at addressing problems (Kirst-Ashman ; Hull, p 32).There are three major features of the GMI, 1) eclectic knowledge base, 2) core seven-stepped planned process, 3) generalist approach. Eclectic knowledge base is when a wide range of skills to target any size system, and professional values are used. A social worker should be aware of the different cultures and values of individuals. When assessing a client the seven-step planned process should be used. These processes consist of engagement, assessment, planning, implementation, evaluation, termination and follow up. Using the planned process can help t he success in a client’s outcome.Using the generalist approach means that any problem can be looked at and evaluated from many levels of intervention. (Kirst-Ashman ; Hull) Another aspect to be considered when using the generalist approach is the level in which you will practice on. There are three levels that can be used in social work practice, macro, mezzo, and macro interventions. The practice of macro social work is the effort to help clients by intervening in large systems. Examples include lobbying to change a health care law, organizing a state-wide activist group or advocating for large-scale social policy change.Macro practice is one of the key distinctions between social work and other helping professions, such as psychiatric therapy. Macro social work generally addresses issues experienced in mezzo or micro social work practice, as well as social work research. Macro practice empowers clients by involving them in systemic change (Jansson, 2009). Mezzo social work practice deals with small-to-medium-sized groups, such as neighborhoods, school, or other local organizations. Examples of mezzo social work include community organizing, management of a social work organization or focus on institutional or cultural change rather than individual clients.Social workers engaged in mezzo practice are often also engaged in micro and/or macro social work. This ensures the needs and challenges of individual clients are understood and addressed in tandem with larger social issues (Jannson, 2009). Micro practice is the most common kind of social work, and is how most people imagine social workers providing services. In micro social work, the social worker engages with individuals or families to solve problems. Common examples include helping individuals to find appropriate housing, health care and social services.Family Therapy and individual counseling would also fall under the auspices of micro practice. Many social workers engage in micro and mezzo pract ice simultaneously. Even the most ambitious macro-level interventions have their roots in the conversations between a single social worker and a single client. Conclusion In conclusion the African American Culture had many struggles with obtaining their civil rights. Generalist social work can be a major benefit in helping the African American culture. The generalist practice engages in all walks of life.The generalist approach can help individuals gain needed resources and gain an equal opportunity in today’s society. References Gibbs, P. , Locke, B. L. , ; Lohmann, R. (1990). Paradigm for the Generalist Continuum. Journal of Social Work Education, 232-243. Jansson, B. (2009). The reluctant Welfare State: Engaging History to Advance Social Work in Contempory Society. Belmont: Brooks/Cole. Kirst-Ashman, K. , ; Hull, G. H. (2012). Understanding Generalist Practice. Belmont: Brooks/Cole. Williams, G. (2005). History of the Negro race in Maerica. New York: Putman's Sons.

Erikson’s Stages of Development, Relating to the Great Santini Essay

Erikson’s Stages of Development, Relating to the Great Santini The Great Santini is about a father who is a great pilot in the military. He uses his military training to help him be a father; treating his children like recruits. He has a supportive wife, and four children, including Ben, the oldest. He commands his children and they must obey his every orders. Ben has a hard time dealing with his father and his need for acceptance. The movie focuses on his cluelessness to family life and being a father. Ben has a hard time succeeding through the stages of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, because his father’s authoritarian parenting styles keep him from progressing. Authoritarian parents are â€Å"parents who make arbitrary rules, expect unquestioned obedience from their children, punish transgressions, and value obedience to authority† (E. Wood, S. Wood, & Boyd, 2011, p. 261). During Erikson’s first stage, trust vs. mistrust, â€Å"infants learn to trust or mistrust depending on the degree and regularity of care, love, and affection provided by parents or caregivers† (Wood et al. 2011, p. 261). When playing a basketball game with his son, he resorts to pushing and shoving in order to win. Ben’s father tells him that no one in the family has ever beaten him in anything, then, Ben makes the last basket and beats his dad, his dad changes up the rules and makes him play for another basket, this time he begins to call his son a little girl and tells him he is nothing. Ben is unable to develop trust with his father, which will cause an unhealthy personality. Researchers have concluded, â€Å"Erikson’s theoretical propositions have had wide influences on understanding and further theorizing in areas of child development, adolescence, adulthood, and aging. Much child-rearing, educational, and clinical practice has also been influenced, either explicitly or implicitly, by his stage model of development† (Rosenthal, Gurney, & Moore, 1981). Ben is more harsh and rough on the outside, but soft and sensitive on the inside, because his father has not shown him love and compassion. His mother, who is loving and supportive, helps balance out his personality. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt is Erickson’s second stage, this stage is when â€Å"Children learn to express their will and independence, to exercise some control, and to make choices, if not, they experience shame and doubt† (Wood et al. , 2011, p. 261). Ben’s father holds such high standards that he must come out autonomy because his father has told him there is no other option. This also goes along with stage three, initiative vs. guilt, when â€Å" Children begin to initiate activities, to plan and undertake tasks, and to enjoy developing motor and other abilities. If not allowed to initiate or if made to feel stupid and considered a nuisance, they may develop a sense of guilt† (Wood et al. , 2011, p. 261). Ben has a great amount of pressure on him to be the best and do the best, he is afraid that he will not live up to his father’s expectations. When Ben had finally beat his father in the backyard basketball game, his father wanted him to win by two baskets instead of one, he was putting him down and telling his son he wasn’t good enough. His mother had to step in to support her son and says to her husband, â€Å"Don’t you talk to me like that! Now, he beat you and it was beautiful†(Carlinio, 1979). His mother helps him become initiative rather than his father who makes him feel guilty for not being good enough. Ben has major conflict in the stage of industry vs. inferiority, this is â€Å" Children develop industriousness and feel pride in accomplishing tasks, making things, and doing things. If not encouraged or if rebuffed by parents and teachers they may develop a sense of inferiority† (Wood et al. , 2011, p. 261). Ben has always been told to be the best; he is becoming a well-rounded boy on the outside because of his acceleration in sports and school. He takes a sense of pride in his work, but on the inside still doubts himself. He knows his father wants more from him, Ben knows he will never be able to be as good as his father. In the stage, identity vs. role confusion he is finally able to start caring about his wants more than his fathers. At his high school basketball game his father is screaming at him from the sidelines and he chooses not to listen and does what he thinks is best. He wins the game on his own and sees that he can do it without his father. The movie ends about the time that Ben is in the stage of a young adult, â€Å" Adolescents must make the transition from childhood to adulthood, establish an identity, develop a sense of self, and consider a future occupational identity. Otherwise, role confusion can result† (Wood et al. , 2011, p. 261). Ben is able to love his father after a night of his eighteenth birthday, when his father becomes extremely drunk, and lets down his guard, and makes a toast to his son, â€Å"I’d like to propose a toast, to my son. He is eighteen today. He has just ordered his first drink. Before he drinks it, I’d like to wish him a long life, a wife as fine as his mother, and a son as fine as he’s been. To my son† (Carlinio 1979). This shows Ben that his father loves and respects him. He is able to show compassion to his father, making it easier for him to show compassion to others. Because of Ben’s fathers authoritarian parenting styles and high demands, Ben has a hard time maturing through Erickson’s stages, but Ben is finally able to develop a sense of self. When watching The Great Santini, I noticed that Erikson’s psychosocial stages of development show through in Ben’s personality and self. Each stage Ben experiences, and depending on how he is treated, will affect the outcome of the person he will become. The reason people are not the same is because every one experiences different things during each stage, which makes every one different. Each person must work through the conflicts in each stage to become a healthy person, just like Ben does in the movie.

Importance of Symbols and Gestures

Signs ,Symblos and Gestures: ?A sign is something we directly encounter, yet at the same time it refers to something else. Thunder is a sign of rain. A punch in the nose is a sign of anger. An arrow is a sign of whatever it points toward. ?Symbols expand the notions of signs and signals. Symbols are characterized by rich meanings that are multiple, fluid, diverse, layered, complex, and frequently predicated on metaphorical associations that assert an analogy between things from different contexts that normally may not be connected.Given that the referents of symbols tend to be general, abstract, and ambiguous, their personally or socially constructed significations may not be apparent except to those who make them. ?Gestures are present early in development, and are used to communicate before a child has the ability to vocalize. Once the child has the ability to speak, gestures are used to express thoughts that are not expressed vocally; eventually, gestures complement vocalized idea s. Importance :The use of gestures ,symbols and signs paves the way for learning speech. Before a child can vocalize, they have the ability to understand language and communicate through deictic and iconic gestures. Early on, children use deictic gestures, which are seen around ten months old, and consist of pointing to or holding things up. Iconic gestures are used by children at eleven to twelve months old, and capture the features of their referents. Iconic gestures convey predicate information, like punching the air to refer to fighting.According to Ozcaliskan & Goldin-Meadow (2004), at fourteen months old, children use a vast majority of gestures that are usually produced along with verbal communication. At eighteen months, half of an average child’s speech is accompanied by gestures. The ways in which gestures are used are an indication of the developmental or conceptual ability of children Symbolic gesturing yields positive rather than negative effects on learning to t alk. The incompatibility hypothesis, a belief that has been dominant for decades, states that the different odalities of communication (gestures, manual signs, speech, etc) are in competition of one another, and therefore learning one modality will suppress the acquisition of the other modality. Because of this hypothesis, in the past parents were advised not to use manual signs, as it would be detrimental to the child’s acquisition of natural speech (Loncke, 2013). On the contrary to this incompatibility hypothesis, in the absence of language, encouraging the use of gestures will not delay the verbal ability of children, rather, the experience of gesturing has a facilitative effect on early syntactical development.Communication is multimodal, meaning there is more than one channel used for communication (gesture, speech, picture, etc), which strengthens the overall communicative interaction. For example, speaking a word and pointing to a picture reinforce the communicative m eaning and intent of the speaker (Loncke, 2013). Gesturing facilitates and enriches the relationship between parent and child. Between nine and eighteen months, the child, lacking full vocal abilities, will want to communicate with the parent, who must determine what message the child is trying to convey.It is during this time that gesturing becomes important. This is supported by the compatibility hypothesis, which condones the use of multimodal forms of communication, and claims that learning gestures will not hinder a child’s acquisition of normal speech and language. For example, a mother bathing her eighteen month old daughter might be unaware that the water is too hot, but the child could indicate this through a gesture, rather than try to formulate a time-consuming verbal explanation

Philosophy 100 (2) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Philosophy 100 (2) - Essay Example There is no way to gain knowledge without something actually being believed, in other words. However, obviously there is not any way to gain knowledge by merely believing something. A viable explanation has to be provided for these beliefs. As an example, if a person who is sick believes that they will get better, this will simply not do a single thing to help the person get better. The person might get better, or the person might not get better. Simply believing something obviously has no real effect in the tangible world. A person who is sick and taking antibiotics to get better has a justifiable reason to believe that they will get better. First, the person has taken antibiotics before, and they got better after taking the antibiotics. Second, the person feels exactly lie the last time that they were sick, and they are being prescribed the same exact dosage of antibiotic. Since the conditions are identical to the last time, the person has a justifiable reason to believe the use of the antibiotics will make them better. Plato’s theory of reality serves to inform and compliment his theory of knowledge. Plato believed in Truth; he believed that it existed somewhere in the universe regardless of whether or not we are able to ever achieve it. Plato held a dualistic view of reality. First, there is the visual, that which is experienced through a posteriori, which is merely just a reflection of Truth. Second, there are the eternal Forms, which is knowledge that is gained a priori. Consider an example of a tree. Somewhere in the universe there exists in some form the Form of Tree, and it is because that we have knowledge of this form that we are able to recognize a tree when we see one, despite the fact that no two trees look alike. When we see trees, they are merely reflections of the Form of Tree. This can be seen in Plato’s allegory of the cave. The prisoners in the cave are merely viewing shadows of objects and naming them.

Egoism and relativism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Egoism and relativism - Assignment Example as certainty associated with it because it promotes that individuals should take actions that provide the highest degree of happiness to oneself and the individual should try to avoid actions and decisions that result in unhappiness. The element of certainty exists because an individual can easily be sure about the elements and the outcomes that will make him or her happy and unhappy and thus can easily make decisions. For example: as an individual I may lie to another individual if I perceive that in a given situation lying will result in higher benefits to me as compared to costs. The main weakness associated with egoism is that it ignores the fact that other individuals within a society may end up being impacted negatively if an individual only makes decisions based on his/her self-interest. This means that egoism disregards the idea that those actions are ethical that result in benefiting the overall society and not just a few individuals within the society. For example: a stock exchange agent may lie to its clients that investing in a certain share will benefit them when actually it may result in losses. This means that the agent is hurting others by lying and only benefiting himself in terms of commission he earns from selling certain stocks. The theory of relativism states that actions as well as decisions that may be ethical for a particular society are not necessarily ethical for another society or group (Birsch 18). Relativists are of the position that no actions and decisions are universally ethical or unethical and vary in compliance from one society to another. One of the major strengths of relativism is that it promotes tolerance between different groups and well as different members of these groups (Birsch 28). The theory holds that one cannot simply reject the values of another society or culture if those values are conflicting with values of people from their own society. This in turns helps in ensuring that members from different societies

Discuss the major problems a firm might face in attempting to Essay

Discuss the major problems a firm might face in attempting to standardize advertising among different countries. How might product branding be affected - Essay Example Different countries have different languages they use in communication as their national languages in their countries. For instance, most of the countries now are majorly using English as their business language. There are many more countries that use different languages like French, Chinese, German language to mention only but a few. This means that for the marketing manager to think of standardizing the advertising internationally, he has to first think of how the message will reach the audience or target market. Communication language is usually an issue when it comes to the international business. The language has to be translated into the national language of the countries among which the advertising has to be standardized. It is therefore very expensive to translate the adverts into the foreign language before it is advertised. Besides, the advertisement manager finds it very hard to effectively supervise international business because he may not understand the language at a gl ance. It is more convenient to standardize advertisement among countries with same language speaking citizens than those countries that vary in the language speaking. Communication media has remained a question unanswered when it comes to international advertising, especially international standardization of advertising. This is due to a number of issues that follows. First there is a question of whether the advertisement media is available in the foreign countries or not. The standardization of international advertising to work there must be availability of the advertisement media among all the countries into which the advertising is to be practiced. For example some third world countries have limited access to the internet because of poverty while others like United States of America have computer technology advantage. It means then that for the standardization of the advertising among countries to prosper the communication media should not only be available

Gangs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gangs - Essay Example Different Approaches and Responses to Gangs Due to the negative effects of the gangs to the community, it is a challenging feat to deal with them, thus, there are different approaches that are being applied to prevent and to resolve problems related to gangs. The approaches and responses of the community to the gangs are based on the different factors related to the personal, the family, the social and the legal aspects of the society. The individual and family approach is the primary way to resolve gang behavior since the individual person can be isolated. For that matter, programs targeting the education of the family members and the individual gang member are included in the main actions undertaken to resolve gang problems. But there challenge in resolving gang related problem is the fact that teenagers and adolescents are very susceptible to gang membership and other delinquent activities due to peer pressure and the presence of different gangs in the community and in school. Bas ed on the survey of national schools, 7.6% of male and 3.8% of female in the secondary school students are gang members with activities such as fighting, stealing or selling drugs. Not only can these activities endanger them, gang membership can also affect the school performance and safety of the teenagers (Egley, Mason and Miller, 2006, p.362; (Gatti et al., 2005). Other reasons for gang membership and delinquency that are needed to be taken into consideration are the effects of â€Å"poverty, unemployment, and decline of the family in American cities† (Egley, Mason and Miller, 2006, p.313). The family-based policies and programs are effective to prevent the delinquent behaviors through parent support and guidance as well as personality development. Another approach to the gangs and their activities is through community-based programs and social interventions. The programs applied in such level are considered immediate and short-term responses to violence and crisis of the members and the victims of the gangs. The neighborhood, schools and localities are included in the programs implemented in the community-based levels. Commonly, local government units and NGOs in the localities are the groups working to find solutions to the problems. Their goals are specific to the needs of the community which includes crisis intervention, treatment and emergency medical care for the children and their families, and the law enforcement activities (p.313). An example of the community-based organization is the Boston Gun Project. It started as an organization to counteract gang activities in Boston by â€Å"assembling interagency work group, applying quantitative and qualitative research methods for the study and assessment of the problem related to gangs, developing, implementing and evaluating interventions† (p.338). The community based programs and policies are effective for immediate results and for solutions that are specific to the needs of the particula r community. The legal aspect is one of the most important approaches to the problems of gangs. Due to the rise of the gang problems in the 1980s, there had been a wake up call in the legislative needs in terms of gang problems. The California Street Terrorism Enforcement and